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Pulmonary valve stenosis


Pulmonary valve stenosis Classification and external resources
Pulmonary valve stenosis
ICD-10	I 37.0, I 37.2, Q 22.1
ICD-9	424.3, 746.02
OMIM	265500
DiseasesDB	11025
MedlinePlus	001096
eMedicine	emerg/491
MeSH	D011666

Pulmonary valve stenosis is a valvular heart disease in which outflow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart is obstructed at the level of the pulmonic valve. This results in the reduction of flow of blood to the lungs. Valvular pulmonic stenosis accounts for 80% of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.^[1] While the most common cause of pulmonary valve stenosis is congenital heart disease, it may also be due to rheumatic heart disease or a malignant carcinoid tumor.^[1]

1 Symptoms
2 Evaluation
3 Treatment
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Symptoms

Symptoms include jugular venous distention, cyanosis (usually visible in the nailbeds), and general symptoms of lowered oxygenation of the blood. When the stenosis is mild, it can go unnoticed for many years. If stenosis is severe, you may see sudden fainting or dizziness if exercised too much.

[edit] Evaluation

The initial evaluation of pulmonary valve stenosis involves echocardiography. The degree of stenosis is typically determined by the peak pressure gradient across the valve.^[1] If the peak gradient across the valve is greater than 50 mmHg, intervention is generally warranted. If the peak gradient is < 25 mmHg, no intervention is generally needed. If the gradient is between 25 and 50 mmHg, it is a gray area.

[edit] Treatment

Valve replacement or surgical repair (depending upon whether the stenosis is in the valve or vessel) may be indicated. If the valve stenosis is of congenital origin, balloon valvuloplasty is another option.

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b ^c (1996) Handbook of Echo-Doppler Interpretation. Armonk, NY, U.S.A.: Futura, 115-6. ISBN 0-87993-636-3.

[edit] External links

Overview at University of Maryland
Overview at American Heart Association
Pulmonary Stenosis information from Seattle Children's Hospital Heart Center

This disease article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

v • d • e

Cardiovascular disease - Circulatory system pathology (I, 390-459)

Heart

Ischaemic heart disease	Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina) - Myocardial infarction (heart attack) - Dressler's syndrome

Pulmonary circulation	Pulmonary embolism - Cor pulmonale

Pericardium	Pericarditis - Pericardial effusion - Cardiac tamponade

Endocardium/heart valves	Endocarditis - mitral valve (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) - aortic valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - pulmonary valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid valve (stenosis, insufficiency)

Myocardium	Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Loeffler endocarditis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy) - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

Electrical conduction/ arrhythmia	heart block: AV block (First degree, Second degree, Third degree) - Bundle branch block (Left, Right) - Bifascicular block - Trifascicular block - Sinoatrial block - Sick sinus syndrome - Adams-Stokes syndrome pre-excitation syndrome: Wolff-Parkinson-White - Lown-Ganong-Levine tachycardia: Paroxysmal tachycardia (Supraventricular, AV nodal reentrant, Ventricular) premature contraction: Atrial - Ventricular other: Long QT syndrome - Cardiac arrest (Sudden cardiac death) - Atrial flutter - Atrial fibrillation (Familial) - Ventricular fibrillation - Wandering pacemaker - Ectopic pacemaker

Other	Heart failure - Cardiomegaly - Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right) - Rheumatic fever

Vascular

Hypertension	Hypertensive heart disease - Hypertensive nephropathy - Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension)

Cerebrovascular diseases	Stroke - Transient ischemic attack - Intracranial hemorrhage/cerebral hemorrhage: Extra-axial hemorrhage (Epidural hemorrhage, Subdural hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage) Intra-axial hematoma (Intraventricular hemorrhages, Intraparenchymal hemorrhage) - Anterior spinal artery syndrome - Carotid artery stenosis - Cerebral aneurysm - Binswanger's disease - Moyamoya disease

Arteries, arterioles and capillaries	Arterial occlusive disease: Arteriosclerosis (Atherosclerosis, Intermittent claudication) - Renal artery stenosis - Fibromuscular dysplasia - Degos disease Peripheral vascular disease: Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease - Erythromelalgia Dissection (Aortic dissection, Carotid artery, Vertebral artery) - Aneurysm (Aortic aneurysm, Abdominal aortic aneurysm) Vasculitis/Arteritis (Aortitis) - Buerger's disease Arteriovenous fistula - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Nevus (Spider angioma)

Veins	Thrombosis/Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis (Deep vein thrombosis, May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Venous thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Renal vein thrombosis, Paget-Schroetter disease) - Varicose veins / Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Varicocele, Gastric varices, Caput medusae) - Superior vena cava syndrome

Lymphatic vessels/nodes	Lymphadenitis - Lymphedema - Lymphangitis

Other	Hypotension (Orthostatic hypotension)

See also congenital (Q20-Q28, 745-747)

v • d • e

Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system (Q20-Q28, 745-747)

Cardiac chambers and connections

Persistent truncus arteriosus - Double outlet right ventricle (Taussig-Bing syndrome) - Transposition of the great vessels (dextro, levo)

Cardiac septa

Ventricular septal defect - Atrial septal defect (Lutembacher's syndrome) - Atrioventricular septal defect (Ostium primum) - Tetralogy of Fallot - Eisenmenger's syndrome

Valvular heart disease/
heart chambers

Right: pulmonary and tricuspid valves	pulmonary valves (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid valves (stenosis, atresia) - Ebstein's anomaly

Left: aortic and mitral valves	aortic valves (stenosis, insufficiency, bicuspid) - mitral valves (stenosis, regurgitation) - Hypoplastic left heart syndrome